Manyan Mutane Goma Na Halitta a Kimiyya:

Yunlong Cao na Jami'ar Peking an nada shi don sabon binciken coronavirus

A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2022, Nature ta sanar da Nature's 10, jerin mutane goma waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na manyan al'amuran kimiyya na shekara, waɗanda labarunsu ke ba da hangen nesa na musamman kan wasu mahimman abubuwan kimiyya na wannan shekara ta ban mamaki.

A cikin shekara guda na rikice-rikice da bincike mai ban sha'awa, Nature ya zaɓi mutane goma daga masana ilimin taurari waɗanda suka taimaka mana fahimtar wanzuwar sararin samaniya mafi nisa, zuwa ga masu binciken da suka yi amfani da cutar ta New Crown da ƙwayar cuta ta biri, ga likitocin fiɗa waɗanda suka karya iyakokin dashen gabobin jiki. , in ji Rich Monastersky, babban edita na Features Nature.

Yunlong Cao daga Cibiyar Innovation ta Biomedical Frontier Innovation (BIOPIC) a Jami'ar Peking. Dokta Cao ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a jami'ar Zhejiang da digiri na farko a fannin Physics, sannan ya sami digirin digirgir daga sashen ilmin sinadarai da sinadarai na jami'ar Harvard a karkashin Xiaoliang Xie, kuma a halin yanzu ya kasance abokin bincike a cibiyar kere-kere ta Biomedical Frontier a jami'ar Peking. Yunlong Cao ya mai da hankali kan haɓaka fasahohin jeri na sel guda ɗaya, kuma binciken da ya yi ya taimaka wajen gano sauye-sauyen sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta na coronavirus da kuma hasashen wasu sauye-sauyen da ke haifar da ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta.

A ranar 18 ga Mayu 2020, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao et al. An buga wata takarda a cikin mujallar Cell mai suna: "Irin kawar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga SARS-CoV-2 wanda aka gano ta hanyar babban tsari-tsari guda ɗaya na ƙwayoyin B marasa lafiya" Takardar binciken.

Wannan binciken ya ba da rahoton sakamakon wani sabon coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) wanda ke kawar da allo na antibody, wanda ya yi amfani da babban tsari na RNA guda ɗaya da dandamali na VDJ don gano 14 mai ƙarfi da ke kawar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na monoclonal daga sama da 8500 antigen-daure IgG1 rigakafi a ciki. Mutum 60 sun warke daga COVID-19.

Wannan binciken ya nuna a karon farko cewa za a iya amfani da jerin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su kai tsaye don gano muggan ƙwayoyi kuma yana da fa'idar kasancewa tsari mai sauri da inganci, wanda ya yi alƙawarin kawo sauyi kan yadda mutane ke bincikar kawar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin cuta masu kamuwa da cuta.

A ranar 17 ga Yuni 2022, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao et al. ya buga takarda mai suna: BA.2.12.1, BA.4 da BA.5 gujewa rigakafi da Omicron ya haifar a cikin mujallar Nature.

Wannan binciken ya gano cewa sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan mutant na Omicron BA.2.12.1, BA.4 da BA.5 sun nuna karuwar tserewa na rigakafi da mahimmancin tsaka tsaki na tserewa na plasma a cikin marasa lafiya na Omicron BA.1 da aka dawo dasu.

Waɗannan binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa maganin Omicron na tushen BA.1 na iya daina dacewa a matsayin mai ƙarfafawa a cikin mahallin rigakafi na yanzu kuma cewa ƙwayoyin rigakafin da aka haifar ba za su ba da kariya mai fa'ida daga sabon nau'in mutant ba. Bugu da ƙari, rigakafin garken garken ta hanyar kamuwa da Omicron yana da matuƙar wahala a samu saboda yanayin 'immunogenic' na sabon coronaviruses da saurin haɓakar wuraren tserewa na rigakafi.

A ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 2022, ƙungiyar Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao ta buga wata takarda bincike mai suna: Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 rigakafin humoral yana haifar da haɓakar Omicron RBD juyin halitta a cikin preprint bioRxiv.

Wannan binciken yana nuna cewa fa'idar XBB akan BQ.1 na iya kasancewa saboda wani ɓangare na canje-canje a waje da yanki mai ɗaure mai karɓa (RBD) na spinosin, cewa XBB shima yana da maye gurbi a cikin sassan kwayoyin halittar halittar N-terminal structural domain (NTD). ) na spinosin, da kuma cewa XBB ya iya tserewa neutralizing antibodies a kan NTD, wanda zai iya ba da damar shi ya harba mutane rigakafi zuwa BQ.1 da kuma sauran subtypes. Duk da haka, yana da kyau a lura cewa maye gurbi a yankin NTD yana faruwa a cikin BQ.1 a cikin sauri sosai. Waɗannan maye gurbi suna haɓaka ƙarfin waɗannan bambance-bambancen don tserewa ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke haifar da rigakafi da cututtukan da suka gabata.

Dokta Yunlong Cao ya ce, za a iya samun wasu kariya daga XBB idan har ya kamu da cutar ta BQ.1, amma ana bukatar ci gaba da bincike don samar da shaida kan hakan.

Baya ga Yunlong Cao, wasu mutane biyu sun yi jerin sunayen saboda gagarumar gudunmawar da suka bayar kan harkokin kiwon lafiyar jama'a a duniya, Lisa McCorkell da Dimie Ogoina.

Lisa McCorkell mai bincike ce tare da Dogon COVID kuma a matsayinta na memba na Haɗin gwiwar Bincike da Mai haƙuri ya jagoranci, ta taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a da kuɗi don bincike kan cutar.

Dimie Ogoina likita ne mai kamuwa da cututtuka a Jami'ar Neja Delta a Najeriya kuma aikin da ya yi kan cutar sankarau a Najeriya ya ba da muhimman bayanai a yaki da cutar kyandar biri.

A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2022, Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Maryland ta ba da sanarwar dasa zuciyar alade na farko a duniya cikin nasara a cikin wani mutum mai rai, lokacin da mai haƙuri David Bennett mai shekaru 57 ya karɓi dashen zuciyar alade da aka gyara don ceton rayuwarsa. .

Kodayake wannan zuciyar alade ta tsawaita rayuwar David Bennett da watanni biyu kawai, ya kasance babban nasara da ci gaban tarihi a fagen xenotransplantation. Muhammad Mohiuddin, Likitan tiyatar da ya jagoranci tawagar da suka kammala wannan dashen dan Adam na wata zuciyar alade da aka gyara ta hanyar dabi'a, babu shakka an sanya sunansa cikin jerin Manyan Mutane 10 na Nature.

An zaɓi wasu da yawa don haɓaka ci gaban kimiyya na ban mamaki da kuma ci gaban manufofi masu mahimmanci, ciki har da masanin falaki Jane Rigby na Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta NASA ta Goddard, wacce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin na'urar hangen nesa ta Webb don shigar da na'urar hangen nesa zuwa sararin samaniya da aiki yadda ya kamata, da ɗaukar ikon ɗan adam don ganowa. duniya zuwa wani sabon matsayi kuma mafi girma. alondra Nelson, a matsayin darekta mai rikon kwarya na Ofishin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Amurka, ya taimaka wa gwamnatin Shugaba Biden wajen samar da muhimman abubuwa na ajandar kimiyyar ta, gami da manufar tabbatar da kimiyya da sabbin ka'idoji kan kimiyyar bude ido. Diana Greene Foster, wata mai bincike kan zubar da ciki kuma mai nazarin al'amuran jama'a a Jami'ar California, San Francisco, ta ba da mahimman bayanai kan tasirin da ake sa ran kotun kolin Amurka za ta yi na soke kariyar doka don 'yancin zubar da ciki.

Akwai kuma sunaye a jerin sunayen goma na bana da suka shafi ci gaban sauyin yanayi da sauran rikice-rikicen duniya. Su ne: António Guterres, Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Saleemul Huq, Daraktan Cibiyar Sauya Yanayi da Ci gaba a Dhaka na Bangladesh, da Svitlana Krakovska, shugaban tawagar Ukraine a kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi. IPCC).