Manyan Mutane Goma a Kimiyyar Yanayi:

An nada Yunlong Cao na Jami'ar Peking don sabon bincike kan cutar coronavirus

A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 2022, Nature ta sanar da jerin mutane 10 na Nature, jerin mutane goma da suka kasance cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a fannin kimiyya na wannan shekarar, kuma labaransu suna ba da hangen nesa na musamman kan wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a fannin kimiyya na wannan shekarar mai ban mamaki.

A cikin shekara guda ta rikice-rikice da abubuwan ban sha'awa, Nature ta zaɓi mutane goma daga masana ilmin taurari waɗanda suka taimaka mana mu fahimci yanayin sararin samaniya mafi nisa, zuwa ga masu bincike waɗanda suka taka rawa a cikin annobar New Crown da cutar kyanda ta biri, zuwa ga likitocin tiyata waɗanda suka karya iyakokin dashen gabobi, in ji Rich Monastersky, babban editan Nature Features.

Yunlong Cao ya fito ne daga Cibiyar Innovation ta Biomedical Frontier (BIOPIC) a Jami'ar Peking. Dr. Cao ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Zhejiang da digirin farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi kuma ya sami digirin digirgir daga Sashen Sinadarai da Kimiyyar Halittu na Jami'ar Harvard a ƙarƙashin Xiaoliang Xie, kuma a halin yanzu Mataimakin Bincike ne a Cibiyar Innovation ta Biomedical Frontier a Jami'ar Peking. Yunlong Cao ya kasance mai mai da hankali kan haɓaka fasahar jerin ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya, kuma bincikensa ya taimaka wajen bin diddigin ci gaban sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta na coronavirus da kuma hasashen wasu sauye-sauyen da ke haifar da ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta masu maye gurbi.

A ranar 18 ga Mayu 2020, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao da sauransu sun buga wata takarda a cikin mujallar Cell mai taken: “Kwayoyin rigakafi masu ƙarfi da ke yaƙi da SARS-CoV-2 waɗanda aka gano ta hanyar jerin ƙwayoyin B marasa lafiya masu ƙoshin lafiya masu yawan aiki” Takardar binciken.

Wannan binciken ya ba da rahoton sakamakon wani sabon gwajin rigakafin cutar coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) wanda ke rage yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ya yi amfani da wani dandamali mai amfani da RNA da VDJ don gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi guda 14 masu ƙarfi daga ƙwayoyin rigakafi sama da 8500 na IgG1 masu ɗaure da antigen a cikin marasa lafiya 60 da aka warke daga COVID-19.

Wannan binciken ya nuna a karon farko cewa ana iya amfani da tsarin tantance ƙwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya mai ƙarfi kai tsaye don gano magunguna kuma yana da fa'idar kasancewa tsari mai sauri da inganci, wanda ke alƙawarin kawo sauyi kan yadda mutane ke tantance ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaɗuwa.

A ranar 17 ga Yuni 2022, Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao da sauransu sun buga wata takarda mai taken: BA.2.12.1, BA.4 da BA.5 kwayoyin kariya daga kamuwa da cutar Omicron da ke haifar da su a cikin mujallar Nature.

Wannan binciken ya gano cewa sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan maye gurbi na Omicron BA.2.12.1, BA.4 da BA.5 sun nuna karuwar kubuta daga garkuwar jiki da kuma rage yawan guduwar jini a cikin marasa lafiya da suka kamu da cutar Omicron BA.1 da aka warke.

Waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa allurar rigakafin Omicron mai tushen BA.1 ba za ta ƙara dacewa a matsayin abin ƙarfafawa ba a yanayin rigakafin da ake ciki a yanzu kuma ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka haifar ba za su samar da kariya mai faɗi daga sabon nau'in maye gurbi ba. Bugu da ƙari, garkuwar garken dabbobi ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar Omicron yana da matuƙar wahala a cimma saboda yanayin 'immunogenic' na sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta na coronavirus da kuma saurin ci gaban wuraren da aka samu canjin garkuwar jiki.

A ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2022, ƙungiyar Xiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao ta buga wata takarda mai taken: Immunity na SARS-CoV-2 da aka buga yana haifar da juyin halittar Omicron RBD a cikin bioRxiv da aka buga kafin a buga.

Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa fa'idar XBB akan BQ.1 na iya kasancewa saboda canje-canje a wajen yankin ɗaure mai karɓa (RBD) na spinosin, cewa XBB kuma yana da sauye-sauye a cikin sassan kwayar halittar da ke ƙunshe da yankin tsarin N-terminal (NTD) na spinosin, kuma XBB yana iya tserewa daga hana ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaƙar NTD, wanda zai iya ba shi damar kamuwa da mutanen da ke da rigakafi ga BQ.1 da ƙananan nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa sauye-sauye a yankin NTD suna faruwa a cikin BQ.1 cikin sauri sosai. Waɗannan sauye-sauyen suna ƙara ƙarfin waɗannan bambance-bambancen don tserewa daga hana ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda allurar rigakafi da cututtuka na baya suka samar.

Dr. Yunlong Cao ya ce akwai yiwuwar samun kariya daga XBB idan aka kamu da cutar BQ.1, amma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don samar da shaida kan hakan.

Baya ga Yunlong Cao, wasu mutane biyu sun shiga jerin sunayen saboda gudummawar da suka bayar ga harkokin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na duniya, Lisa McCorkell da Dimie Ogoina.

Lisa McCorkell mai bincike ce a Long COVID kuma a matsayinta na memba na kafa Patient-Led Research Collaborative, ta taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a da kuma samar da kudade don bincike kan cutar.

Dimie Ogoina likita ce a fannin cututtuka masu yaduwa a Jami'ar Niger Delta da ke Najeriya kuma aikinsa kan annobar cutar kyanda a Najeriya ya samar da muhimman bayanai kan yaki da annobar kyanda.

A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2022, Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Maryland ta sanar da dashen zuciya na farko mai nasara a duniya wanda aka gyara kwayar halitta a cikin mutum mai rai, lokacin da aka yi wa David Bennett mai shekaru 57 da ke fama da ciwon zuciya da aka gyara kwayar halitta don ceton rayuwarsa.

Duk da cewa wannan zuciyar alade ta tsawaita rayuwar David Bennett da watanni biyu kacal, amma ta kasance babbar nasara da kuma ci gaba mai tarihi a fannin dashen ƙwayoyin cuta. Babu shakka Muhammad Mohiuddin, likitan tiyata wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar da ta kammala wannan dashen ɗan adam na zuciyar alade da aka gyara ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta, an sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen mutane 10 mafiya kyau na shekarar Nature.

An zaɓi wasu da dama saboda ci gaban nasarorin kimiyya na musamman da kuma muhimman ci gaban manufofi, ciki har da masanin ilmin taurari Jane Rigby na Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta Goddard ta NASA, wacce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin manufar Webb Space Telescope na shigar da na'urar hangen nesa zuwa sararin samaniya da kuma aiki yadda ya kamata, ta kai ikon ɗan adam na bincika sararin samaniya zuwa wani sabon mataki. Alondra Nelson, a matsayin Mukaddashin Daraktan Manufofin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Amurka na Ofishin Kimiyya da Fasaha, ya taimaka wa gwamnatin Shugaba Biden wajen haɓaka muhimman abubuwa na ajandar kimiyya, ciki har da manufofi kan daidaiton kimiyya da sabbin jagororin kimiyya a buɗe. Diana Greene Foster, mai bincike kan zubar da ciki kuma mai nazarin al'umma a Jami'ar California, San Francisco, ta bayar da muhimman bayanai kan tasirin da ake sa ran shawarar Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta soke kariyar doka don haƙƙin zubar da ciki.

Akwai kuma sunaye a cikin jerin manyan mutane goma na wannan shekarar da suka shafi ci gaban sauyin yanayi da sauran rikice-rikicen duniya. Su ne: António Guterres, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Saleemul Huq, Daraktan Cibiyar Canjin Yanayi ta Duniya da Ci Gaba a Dhaka, Bangladesh, da Svitlana Krakovska, Shugabar tawagar Ukraine a Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi (IPCC).