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Kwanan baya, hukumar kula da lafiya ta kasar Sin ta gudanar da taron manema labarai kan rigakafi da dakile cututtuka masu yaduwa a lokacin sanyi, inda ta gabatar da yaduwar cututtukan numfashi da matakan kariya a lokacin sanyi a kasar Sin, tare da amsa tambayoyi daga kafofin yada labarai. A wajen taron, masana sun ce, a halin yanzu, kasar Sin ta shiga cikin yanayin da ake fama da cutar numfashi ta numfashi, kuma cututtuka iri-iri na numfashi suna hade da juna, suna yin barazana ga lafiyar jama'a. Cututtukan na numfashi suna nufin kumburin mucous membrane na numfashin da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta ko wasu dalilai, galibi ciki har da kamuwa da cutar ta sama, ciwon huhu, mashako, asma da sauransu. Bisa kididdigar da hukumar kula da lafiya da kiwon lafiya ta kasar Sin ta fitar, an ce, cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtukan numfashi a kasar Sin, sun fi kamuwa da kwayar cutar mura, baya ga rarraba sauran kwayoyin cuta a cikin shekaru daban-daban, alal misali, akwai nau'in rhinovirus da ke haifar da mura. a cikin yara masu shekaru 1-4; a cikin yawan mutanen da ke da shekaru 5-14, cututtukan Mycoplasma da adenoviruses da ke haifar da mura na yau da kullun suna da A cikin rukunin shekaru 5-14, cututtukan Mycoplasma da adenoviruses waɗanda ke haifar da asusun sanyi na gama gari ga wani kaso na yawan jama'a; a cikin rukunin shekaru 15-59, ana iya ganin rhinoviruses da neocoronaviruses; kuma a cikin rukunin shekaru 60+, akwai adadi mai yawa na kwayar cutar parapneumovirus da coronavirus na kowa.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae wani microorganism ne wanda ke tsaka-tsakin kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta; ba shi da bangon tantanin halitta amma yana da membrane na tantanin halitta, kuma yana iya haifuwa da kansa ko kuma ya mamaye shi kuma ya lalatar da kwayoyin halitta. Halin halittar Mycoplasma pneumoniae ƙanana ne, yana da kusan 1,000 kawai. Mycoplasma pneumoniae yana canzawa sosai kuma yana iya daidaitawa zuwa yanayi daban-daban da runduna ta hanyar sake hadewar kwayoyin halitta ko maye gurbi. Mycoplasma pneumoniae ana sarrafa shi ne ta hanyar amfani da maganin rigakafi na macrolide, kamar azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, da sauransu. Ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ke jure wa waɗannan magungunan, ana iya amfani da sabbin tetracyclines ko quinolones.
Kwayoyin cutar mura sune ƙwayoyin cuta na RNA masu kyau, waɗanda suka zo cikin nau'i uku, nau'in A, nau'in B da nau'in C. Kwayoyin cutar mura A suna da ma'aunin mutability kuma suna iya haifar da cututtukan mura. Kwayar halittar kwayar cutar mura ta ƙunshi sassa takwas, kowanne daga cikinsu yana ɓoye ɗaya ko fiye da sunadaran. Kwayoyin cututtuka na mura suna canzawa ta hanyoyi guda biyu, ɗaya shine antigenic drift, wanda a cikin abin da maye gurbi ya faru a cikin kwayoyin halitta na hoto, wanda ya haifar da canje-canje na antigenic a cikin hemagglutinin (HA) da neuraminidase (NA) a saman kwayar cutar; ɗayan kuma shine sake tsarawa na antigenic, wanda kamuwa da cuta a lokaci guda na nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban na ƙwayoyin mura a cikin tantanin halitta guda ɗaya yana haifar da sake haɗuwa da sassan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da samuwar sabbin nau'ikan. Kwayoyin cutar mura ana sarrafa su ta hanyar amfani da masu hana neuraminidase, irin su oseltamivir da zanamivir, kuma a cikin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya, ana buƙatar maganin alamun bayyanar cututtuka da kuma magance matsalolin.
Neocoronavirus kwayar cutar RNA ce mai ma'ana mai ma'ana guda ɗaya na dangin Coronaviridae, wacce ke da dangi huɗu, wato α, β, γ, da δ. Iyalai α da β da farko suna cutar da dabbobi masu shayarwa, yayin da ƙananan gidaje γ da δ suka fi cutar da tsuntsaye. Halin halittar neocoronavirus ya ƙunshi dogon buɗaɗɗen firam ɗin karantawa wanda ke ɓoye 16 marasa tsari da sunadaran tsari guda huɗu, wato membrane protein (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) da furotin enzyme (E). Maye gurbi na Neocoronaviruses galibi saboda kurakurai a cikin kwafi ko shigar da kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin jerin kwayoyin cutar hoto, wanda ke shafar saurin kamuwa da cuta, kamuwa da cuta da ikon tserewa na rigakafi. Neocoronaviruses ana sarrafa su musamman ta hanyar amfani da magungunan rigakafi kamar su ridecivir da lopinavir/ritonavir, kuma a cikin yanayi mai tsanani, ana buƙatar jiyya na alamun bayyanar cututtuka da kuma magance rikice-rikice.
Manyan hanyoyin magance cututtukan numfashi sune kamar haka:
Alurar riga kafi. Alurar riga kafi sune hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa na rigakafin cututtuka kuma suna iya motsa jiki don samar da rigakafi daga cututtuka. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin tana da alluran rigakafi iri-iri na cututtukan numfashi, kamar rigakafin mura, sabon maganin kambi, rigakafin pneumococcal, rigakafin tari, da dai sauransu. Ana ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da suka cancanta su yi allurar rigakafin a kan lokaci, musamman tsofaffi, marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin lafiya. cututtuka, yara da sauran muhimman al'umma.
Kula da kyawawan halaye na tsaftar mutum. Cututtukan na numfashi suna yaduwa musamman ta ɗigon ruwa da tuntuɓar juna, don haka yana da mahimmanci a rage yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar wanke hannu akai-akai, rufe baki da hanci da nama ko gwiwar hannu lokacin tari ko atishawa, ba tofi ba, da rashin raba kayan aiki.
Ka guji cunkoson jama'a da wuraren da ba su da iska sosai. Wurare masu cunkoson jama'a da rashin samun iskar iska sune wuraren da ke da hatsarin kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka. Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a rage yawan ziyartar waɗannan wuraren, kuma idan dole ne ku je, sanya abin rufe fuska kuma ku kula da wani tazara na zamantakewa don guje wa kusanci da wasu.
Haɓaka juriya na jiki. Juriyar jiki shine layin farko na kariya daga cututtuka. Yana da mahimmanci a inganta garkuwar jiki da rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar abinci mai ma'ana, matsakaicin motsa jiki, isasshen barci, da yanayin tunani mai kyau.
Kula da dumi dumi. Yanayin sanyi yana da ƙasa, kuma motsa jiki na sanyi zai iya haifar da raguwa a cikin aikin rigakafi na mucosa na numfashi, yana sauƙaƙa wa ƙwayoyin cuta don mamayewa. Sabili da haka, kula da dumi, sanya tufafi masu dacewa, kauce wa sanyi da mura, daidaita yanayin zafi na cikin gida akan lokaci, da kula da samun iska na cikin gida.
Nemi kulawar likita akan lokaci. Idan alamun cututtuka na numfashi kamar zazzabi, tari, ciwon makogwaro da wahalar numfashi sun faru, to ya kamata ku je wurin likita na yau da kullun a kan lokaci, ku bincika tare da magance cutar bisa ga umarnin likita, kuma kada ku sha magani da kanku ko kuma jinkirta neman magani. Har ila yau, ya kamata ku sanar da likitan ku da gaske game da tarihin cututtukan cututtuka da bayyanar cututtuka, kuma ku ba shi hadin kai a cikin binciken cututtukan cututtuka da cututtukan cututtuka don hana yaduwar cutar.
Manyan hanyoyin magance cututtukan numfashi sune kamar haka:
Alurar riga kafi. Alurar riga kafi sune hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa na rigakafin cututtuka kuma suna iya motsa jiki don samar da rigakafi daga cututtuka. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin tana da alluran rigakafi iri-iri na cututtukan numfashi, kamar rigakafin mura, sabon maganin kambi, rigakafin pneumococcal, rigakafin tari, da dai sauransu. Ana ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da suka cancanta su yi allurar rigakafin a kan lokaci, musamman tsofaffi, marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin lafiya. cututtuka, yara da sauran muhimman al'umma.
Kula da kyawawan halaye na tsaftar mutum. Cututtukan na numfashi suna yaduwa musamman ta ɗigon ruwa da tuntuɓar juna, don haka yana da mahimmanci a rage yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar wanke hannu akai-akai, rufe baki da hanci da nama ko gwiwar hannu lokacin tari ko atishawa, ba tofi ba, da rashin raba kayan aiki.
Ka guji cunkoson jama'a da wuraren da ba su da iska sosai. Wurare masu cunkoson jama'a da rashin samun iskar iska sune wuraren da ke da hatsarin kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka. Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a rage yawan ziyartar waɗannan wuraren, kuma idan dole ne ku je, sanya abin rufe fuska kuma ku kula da wani tazara na zamantakewa don guje wa kusanci da wasu.
Haɓaka juriya na jiki. Juriyar jiki shine layin farko na kariya daga cututtuka. Yana da mahimmanci a inganta garkuwar jiki da rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar abinci mai ma'ana, matsakaicin motsa jiki, isasshen barci, da yanayin tunani mai kyau.
Kula da dumi dumi. Yanayin sanyi yana da ƙasa, kuma motsa jiki na sanyi zai iya haifar da raguwa a cikin aikin rigakafi na mucosa na numfashi, yana sauƙaƙa wa ƙwayoyin cuta don mamayewa. Sabili da haka, kula da dumi, sanya tufafi masu dacewa, kauce wa sanyi da mura, daidaita yanayin zafi na cikin gida akan lokaci, da kula da samun iska na cikin gida.
Nemi kulawar likita akan lokaci. Idan alamun cututtuka na numfashi kamar zazzabi, tari, ciwon makogwaro da wahalar numfashi sun faru, to ya kamata ku je wurin likita na yau da kullun a kan lokaci, ku bincika tare da magance cutar bisa ga umarnin likita, kuma kada ku sha magani da kanku ko kuma jinkirta neman magani. Har ila yau, ya kamata ku sanar da likitan ku da gaske game da tarihin cututtukan cututtuka da bayyanar cututtuka, kuma ku ba shi hadin kai a cikin binciken cututtukan cututtuka da cututtukan cututtuka don hana yaduwar cutar.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-15-2023
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