Labaran Dabbobin Gida: Ci gaban da aka samu a binciken cutar mura ta tsuntsaye

Labarai 01

Gano nau'in kwayar cutar mura ta tsuntsaye ta H4N6 a cikin agwagwa (Anas platyrhynchos) a Isra'ila

Avishai Lublin, Nikki Thie, Irina Shkoda, Luba Simanov, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Yigal Farnoushi, Roni King, Wayne M Getz, Pauline L Kamath, Rauri CK Bowie, Ran Nathan

PMID: 35687561; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14610

Kwayar cutar mura ta tsuntsaye (AIV) tana barazana ga lafiyar dabbobi da mutane a duk duniya. Yayin da tsuntsayen ruwa na daji ke yada cutar AIV a duk duniya, binciken yaduwar cutar AIV a cikin al'ummar daji yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen fahimtar yaduwar cutar da kuma hasashen barkewar cutar a cikin dabbobin gida da mutane. A cikin wannan binciken, an ware nau'in H4N6 AIV a karon farko daga samfuran najasa na agwagi kore na daji (Anas platyrhynchos) a Isra'ila. Sakamakon kwayoyin halittar HA da NA ya nuna cewa wannan nau'in yana da alaƙa da keɓewa na Turai da Asiya. Ganin cewa Isra'ila tana kan hanyar ƙaura ta Tsakiyar Arctic-Afirka, ana tsammanin cewa wataƙila tsuntsayen ƙaura ne suka gabatar da nau'in. Binciken kwayoyin halittar ciki na keɓewa (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M da NS) ya nuna babban matakin alaƙar phylogenetic da sauran nau'ikan AIV, yana nuna cewa wani lamari na sake haɗawa da ya faru a baya a cikin wannan keɓewa. Wannan nau'in H4N6 na AIV yana da yawan haɗuwa, yana iya kamuwa da aladu masu lafiya kuma yana ɗaure masu karɓar mutane, kuma yana iya haifar da cututtukan zoonotic a nan gaba.

Labarai 02

Bayani game da mura ta tsuntsaye a cikin EU, Maris-Yuni 2022

Hukumar Tsaron Abinci ta Turai, Cibiyar Rigakafi da Kula da Cututtuka ta Turai, Dakin Gwaji na Tarayyar Turai don Mura ta Avian

PMID：35949938；PMCID：PMC9356771；DOI：10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

A tsakanin 2021-2022, mura mai saurin yaɗuwa (HPAI) ita ce annoba mafi muni a Turai, inda aka kashe tsuntsaye 2,398 a ƙasashen Turai 36, wanda ya haifar da kashe tsuntsaye miliyan 46. Tsakanin 16 ga Maris da 10 ga Yuni 2022, jimillar ƙasashen EU/EEA 28 da Birtaniya an ware nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cutar mura mai saurin yaɗuwa (HPAIV) 1 182 daga kaji (masu kamuwa 750), namun daji (masu kamuwa 410) da tsuntsayen da aka kama (masu kamuwa 22). A lokacin da ake nazari, kashi 86% na barkewar cutar kaji ta faru ne sakamakon kamuwa da cutar HPAIV, inda Faransa ta kai kashi 68% na yawan barkewar cutar kaji, Hungary ta kai kashi 24%, sauran ƙasashen da abin ya shafa kuma ba su kai kashi 2% ba. Jamus ce ke da mafi yawan adadin barkewar cutar a cikin tsuntsayen daji (masu kamuwa 158), sai Netherlands (masu kamuwa 98) da Birtaniya (masu kamuwa 48).

Sakamakon nazarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa cutar HPAIV da ke yaɗuwa a Turai galibi tana cikin nau'in spectrum 2.3.4 b. Tun bayan rahoton da ya gabata, an bayar da rahoton kamuwa da cutar H5N6 guda huɗu, H9N2 guda biyu da H3N8 guda biyu a China kuma an bayar da rahoton kamuwa da cutar H5N1 guda ɗaya a Amurka. An kimanta haɗarin kamuwa da cutar a matsayin ƙasa ga jama'a gabaɗaya kuma ƙasa zuwa matsakaici ga mutanen da ke fuskantar matsalar aiki a EU/EEA.

 Labarai 03

Sauye-sauye a cikin ragowar 127, 183 da 212 akan tasirin kwayar halittar HA

Maganin rigakafi, kwafi da kuma cututtuka na kwayar cutar mura ta H9N2

Menglu Fan，Bing Liang，Yongzhen Zhao，Yaping Zhang，Qingzheng Liu，Miao Tian，Yiqing Zheng，Huizh Xia，Yasu Suzuki，Hualan Chen，Jihui Ping

PMID: 34724348; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14363

Nau'in H9N2 na ƙwayar cutar mura ta tsuntsaye (AIV) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan da ke shafar lafiyar masana'antar kaji. A cikin wannan binciken, an ware nau'ikan AIV guda biyu na H9N2 subtype AIV waɗanda ke da asalin kwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya amma suna da alaƙa da antigenicity daban-daban, masu suna A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) da A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), daga gonar kaji. Binciken jerin sun nuna cewa JS/75 da JS/76 sun bambanta a cikin ragowar amino acid guda uku (127, 183 da 212) na haemagglutinin (HA). Don bincika bambance-bambancen halayen halittu tsakanin JS/75 da JS/76, an samar da ƙwayoyin cuta guda shida masu sake haɗawa ta amfani da hanyar kwayoyin halitta ta baya tare da A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) a matsayin babban sarkar. Bayanai daga gwaje-gwajen harin kaji da gwaje-gwajen HI sun nuna cewa r-76/PR8 ya nuna mafi girman tserewar antigenic saboda maye gurbi na amino acid a matsayi na 127 da 183 a cikin kwayar halittar HA. Ƙarin bincike sun tabbatar da cewa glycosylation a wurin 127N ya faru ne a cikin JS/76 da maye gurbi. Gwaje-gwajen ɗaure masu karɓa sun nuna cewa duk ƙwayoyin cuta masu sake haɗawa, ban da maye gurbi na 127N wanda ba shi da glycosylation, suna daurewa da masu karɓar ɗan adam cikin sauƙi. Kinetics na girma da gwaje-gwajen harin linzamin kwamfuta sun nuna cewa ƙwayar cuta ta 127N-glycosylated ta yi ƙasa da kwafi a cikin ƙwayoyin A549 kuma ba ta da ƙarancin kamuwa da cuta a cikin beraye idan aka kwatanta da ƙwayar cuta ta daji. Don haka, maye gurbi na glycosylation da amino acid a cikin kwayar halittar HA suna da alhakin bambance-bambancen antigenicity da pathogenity na nau'ikan H9N2 guda biyu.

Tushe: Cibiyar Lafiyar Dabbobi da Cututtuka ta China