Labaran Dabbobi: Ci gaba a cikin binciken mura na Avian

Labarai 01

Farkon gano nau'in H4N6 na kwayar cutar murar tsuntsaye a cikin ducks mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) a cikin Isra'ila.

Avishai Lublin, Nikki Thie, Irina Shkoda, Luba Simanov, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Yigal Farnoushi, Roni King, Wayne M Getz, Pauline L Kamath, Rauri CK Bowie, Ran Nathan

PMID: 35687561; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14610

Kwayar cutar mura ta Avian (AIV) tana haifar da babbar barazana ga lafiyar dabbobi da lafiyar ɗan adam a duk duniya. Kamar yadda tsuntsayen daji ke watsa AIV a duk duniya, bincikar yaduwar AIV a cikin yawan jama'ar daji yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar yaduwar cututtuka da tsinkayar cututtuka a cikin dabbobin gida da mutane. A cikin wannan binciken, H4N6 subtype AIV an ware shi a karon farko daga samfuran faecal na agwagwa koren daji (Anas platyrhynchos) a cikin Isra'ila. Sakamakon phylogenetic na kwayoyin HA da NA suna ba da shawarar cewa wannan nau'in yana da alaƙa da keɓancewar Turai da Asiya. Yayin da Isra'ila ke kan hanyar ƙaura ta Tsakiyar Arctic-Afrika, ana kyautata zaton cewa wata kila tsuntsaye ne suka bullo da wannan nau'in. Binciken phylogenetic na kwayoyin halitta na cikin gida (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M da NS) sun nuna babban matakin alaƙar phylogenetic zuwa sauran nau'ikan AIV, yana nuna cewa wani taron sake haɗuwa da ya gabata ya faru a cikin wannan keɓe. Wannan nau'in H4N6 na AIV yana da ƙimar sake haɗuwa da yawa, yana iya cutar da aladu lafiya da ɗaure masu karɓar ɗan adam, kuma yana iya haifar da cutar zoonotic a nan gaba.

Labarai 02

Bayanin cutar mura a cikin EU, Maris-Yuni 2022

Hukumar Kula da Abinci ta Turai, Cibiyar Kariya da Kula da Cututtuka ta Turai ， Laboratory Reference Laboratory for Avian Fluenza

PMID: 35949938;PMCID:PMC9356771;DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

A cikin 2021-2022, cutar mura mai saurin kamuwa da cuta (HPAI) ita ce annoba mafi muni a Turai, tare da barkewar cutar 2,398 a cikin ƙasashen Turai 36 wanda ya haifar da kashe tsuntsaye miliyan 46. tsakanin 16 Maris da 10 Yuni 2022, jimlar 28 ƙasashen EU / EEA da UK 1 182 nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na murar tsuntsaye (HPAIV) sun keɓe daga kaji (laka'o'i 750), namun daji (harramu 410) da tsuntsayen da aka kama (22) lokuta). A cikin lokacin da ake bitar, kashi 86% na barkewar cutar kaji sun kasance ne sakamakon yaduwar cutar ta HPAIV, inda Faransa ke da kashi 68% na barkewar cutar gaba ɗaya, Hungary da kashi 24% da sauran ƙasashen da abin ya shafa na ƙasa da 2% kowace. Kasar Jamus ce ta fi kowacce yawan bullar cutar a cikin tsuntsayen daji (158), sai Netherlands (lalace 98) sai Burtaniya (48).

Sakamakon nazarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa HPAIV a halin yanzu yana da yawa a Turai galibi yana cikin bakan 2.3.4 b. Tun bayan rahoton da ya gabata, an samu rahoton kamuwa da cutar H5N6 guda hudu da H9N2 da H3N8 guda biyu a kasar Sin sannan an samu rahoton kamuwa da cutar guda daya a Amurka. An yi la'akari da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta a matsayin ƙasa don yawan jama'a da ƙasa zuwa matsakaici don yawan fallasa sana'a a cikin EU/EEA.

 Labarai 03

Maye gurbi a saura 127, 183 da 212 akan kwayar halittar HA

Antigenicity, kwafi da kuma pathogenicity na H9N2 avian mura cutar

Menglu Fan,Bing Liang,Yongzhen Zhao,Yaping Zhang,Qingzheng Liu,Miao Tian,Yiqing Zheng,Huizh Xia,Yasu Suzuki,Hualan Chen,Jihui Ping

PMID: 34724348; DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14363

Nau'in H9N2 na kwayar cutar murar tsuntsaye (AIV) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke shafar lafiyar masana'antar kiwon kaji. A cikin wannan binciken, nau'i biyu na H9N2 subtype AIV tare da irin wannan asalin kwayoyin halitta amma antigenicity daban-daban, mai suna A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) da A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), sun kasance. ware daga gonar kiwon kaji. Binciken jeri ya nuna cewa JS/75 da JS/76 sun bambanta a cikin ragowar amino acid guda uku (127, 183 da 212) na haemagglutinin (HA). Don bincika bambance-bambance a cikin kaddarorin halittu tsakanin JS/75 da JS/76, an haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta guda shida na sake haɗawa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin juzu'i tare da A/Puerto Rico / 8/1934 (PR8) a matsayin babban sarkar. Bayanai daga gwaje-gwajen harin kaji da gwajin HI sun nuna cewa r-76/PR8 ya nuna mafi kyawun tserewa na antigenic saboda maye gurbin amino acid a matsayi na 127 da 183 a cikin kwayoyin HA. Ci gaba da karatu ya tabbatar da cewa glycosylation a wurin 127N ya faru a JS / 76 da mutants. Ƙididdigar ɗaurin mai karɓa ya nuna cewa duk ƙwayoyin cuta masu sake haɗuwa, ban da 127N glycosylation-rauni, suna daure da masu karɓa na ɗan adam. Kinetics na girma da ƙididdigar harin linzamin kwamfuta sun nuna cewa ƙwayar cuta ta 127N-glycosylated ta yi ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin sel A549 kuma ba ta da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin beraye idan aka kwatanta da ƙwayar cuta ta daji. Don haka, glycosylation da amino acid maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin HA suna da alhakin bambance-bambance a cikin antigenicity da pathogenicity na nau'in 2 H9N2.

Source: Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Dabbobi da Cututtuka ta kasar Sin