Nawa ne gubar Omicron ta ragu? Nazari da yawa na zahiri sun bayyana

"Rashin lafiyar Omicron yana kusa da na mura na yanayi" kuma "Omicron ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da Delta". …… Kwanan nan, labarai da yawa game da cutar sankarau na sabon kambi na mutant Omicron yana yaduwa akan intanet.

Tabbas, tun bayan bullar nau'in mutant Omicron a cikin Nuwamba 2021 da kuma yaduwarsa a duniya, bincike da tattaunawa kan cutarwa da watsawa sun ci gaba ba tare da tsayawa ba. Menene bayanin martabar virulence na Omicron? Menene binciken ya ce game da shi?

Nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban: Omicron ba shi da rauni
A zahiri, a farkon Janairu 2022, wani bincike daga Jami'ar Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine ya gano cewa Omicron (B.1.1.529) na iya zama ƙasa da kamuwa da cuta idan aka kwatanta da nau'in asali da sauran nau'ikan mutant.
An gano cewa nau'in mutant na Omicron ba shi da inganci wajen amfani da transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), yayin da TMPRSS2 na iya sauƙaƙe mamayewar ƙwayoyin cuta ta ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar share furotin na sabon coronavirus. A lokaci guda, masu binciken sun lura cewa kwafin Omicron ya ragu sosai a cikin layin sel ɗan adam Calu3 da Caco2.

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A cikin tsarin linzamin kwamfuta na k18-hACE2, an rage kwafin Omicron a duka biyun na sama da na ƙasa na numfashi na beraye idan aka kwatanta da nau'in asali na asali da kuma mutantan Delta, kuma cututtukan huhunsa ba su da ƙarfi, yayin da kamuwa da cuta na Omicron ya haifar da ƙarancin nauyi da mace-mace fiye da nau'in asali da Alpha, Beta da Delta mutants.
Sabili da haka, masu binciken sun yanke shawarar cewa Omicron kwafi da ƙwayoyin cuta sun ragu a cikin mice.

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A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2022, Nature ya buga takarda ta Yoshihiro Kawaoka, babban masanin ilimin halittu daga Jami'ar Tokyo da Jami'ar Wisconsin, yana mai tabbatarwa a karon farko a cikin ƙirar dabba cewa Omicron BA.2 haƙiƙa ba shi da ƙarfi fiye da nau'in asali na baya.

Masu binciken sun zaɓi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai na BA.2 da ke ware a Japan don kamuwa da k18-hACE2 mice da hamsters kuma sun gano cewa, bayan kamuwa da cuta tare da nau'in kwayar cutar, duka BA.2 da BA.1 masu kamuwa da beraye suna da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin huhu da hanci fiye da asali na New Crown ciwon kamuwa da cuta (p <0.0001).

Wannan daidaitaccen sakamakon zinare ya tabbatar da cewa Omicron hakika ba shi da ƙarfi fiye da nau'in daji na asali. Sabanin haka, babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin huhu da hanci na nau'in dabba da ke bin BA.2 da BA.1 cututtuka.

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PCR viral load assays ya nuna cewa duka BA.2 da BA.1 masu kamuwa da beraye suna da ƙananan nauyin ƙwayar cuta a cikin huhu da hanci fiye da ainihin nau'in New Crown, musamman a cikin huhu (p <0.0001).

Hakazalika da sakamakon da aka samu a cikin mice, ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayar cuta da aka gano a cikin hanci da huhu na BA.2 da BA.1 masu cutar hamsters sun kasance ƙasa da nau'in asali na asali bayan 'inoculation' tare da kwayar cutar guda ɗaya, musamman a cikin huhu, kuma dan kadan a cikin hanci na BA.2 kamuwa da hamsters fiye da BA.1 - a gaskiya ma, rabi na BA.2 ba su haifar da ciwon huhu ba.

An ci gaba da gano cewa nau'ikan asali, BA.2 da BA.1, ba su da ƙetare-tsaye na sera bayan kamuwa da cuta - daidai da abin da aka lura a cikin mutane na ainihi lokacin da kamuwa da sabon kambi daban-daban.

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Bayanai na ainihi: Omicron ba shi da yuwuwar haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani

Yawancin binciken da ke sama sun bayyana raguwar ƙwayar cuta ta Omicron a cikin samfuran dabbobi na dakin gwaje-gwaje, amma daidai ne a cikin ainihin duniya?

A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2022, WHO ta buga wani rahoto da ke tantance bambancin tsananin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar a lokacin annobar Omicron (B.1.1.529) idan aka kwatanta da cutar ta Delta.

Rahoton ya hada da sabbin marasa lafiya 16,749 daga dukkan lardunan Afirka ta Kudu, wadanda suka hada da 16,749 daga annobar Delta (2021/8/2 zuwa 2021/10/3) da 17,693 daga annobar Omicron (2021/11/15 zuwa 2022/2/16). An kuma rarraba marasa lafiya a matsayin masu tsanani, masu tsanani da marasa mahimmanci.

Mahimmanci: samun iskar iska mai haɗari, ko iskar oxygen da iskar oxygen mai girma mai gudana, ko oxygenation na extracorporeal membrane (ECMO), ko shigar da zuwa ICU yayin asibiti.
-mai tsanani (mai tsanani): karbi iskar oxygen a lokacin asibiti
-marasa tsanani: idan babu ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan da ke sama ba a cika ba, mara lafiya ba shi da tsanani.

Bayanan sun nuna cewa a cikin rukunin Delta, 49.2% na da tsanani, 7.7% suna da mahimmanci kuma kashi 28% na dukkan marasa lafiya da ke kwance a asibiti sun mutu, yayin da a cikin kungiyar Omicron, 28.1% na da tsanani, 3.7% na da mahimmanci kuma 15% na dukan marasa lafiya na Omicron sun mutu. Hakanan, matsakaicin tsawon zama shine kwanaki 7 a cikin rukunin Delta idan aka kwatanta da kwanaki 6 a cikin rukunin Omicron.

Bugu da ƙari, rahoton ya bincikar abubuwan da suka shafi shekaru, jinsi, matsayi na alurar riga kafi da cututtuka kuma ya kammala cewa Omicron (B.1.1.529) yana da alaƙa da ƙananan yiwuwar rashin lafiya mai tsanani da rashin lafiya (95% CI: 0.41 zuwa 0.46; p <0.001) da ƙananan haɗari na mutuwa: 90.5%. 0.65; p<0.001).

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Ga nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan Omicron daban-daban, ƙarin karatu kuma sun yi nazari dalla-dalla dalla-dalla.

Wani bincike na ƙungiyar daga New England yayi nazarin shari'o'in 20770 na Delta, 52605 lokuta Omicron B.1.1.529 da 29840 na Omicron BA.2, kuma sun gano cewa adadin mutuwar ya kasance 0.7% na Delta, 0.4% don B.1.1.529 da 0.23% don BA. Bayan daidaitawa don dalilai masu rikitarwa, binciken ya kammala cewa haɗarin mutuwa ya ragu sosai ga BA.2 idan aka kwatanta da duka Delta da B.1.1.529.

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Wani binciken daga Afirka ta Kudu ya kimanta hadarin asibiti da kuma hadarin sakamako mai tsanani ga Delta, BA.1, BA.2 da BA.4 / BA.5. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa daga cikin sabbin marasa lafiya 98,710 da suka kamu da cutar da aka hada a cikin binciken, 3825 (3.9%) an kwantar da su a asibiti, wanda 1276 (33.4%) suka kamu da cutar mai tsanani.

Daga cikin wadanda suka kamu da maye gurbi daban-daban, 57.7% na marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar Delta sun kamu da cuta mai tsanani (97/168), idan aka kwatanta da 33.7% na marasa lafiya na BA.1 (990/2940), 26.2% na BA.2 (167/637) da 27.5% na BA.4/BA.5 (22). Binciken da yawa ya nuna cewa yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani a tsakanin wadanda suka kamu da cutar Delta> BA.1> BA.2, yayin da yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani a tsakanin wadanda suka kamu da BA.4/BA.5 ba ta bambanta sosai ba idan aka kwatanta da BA.2.
Rage ƙwayar cuta, amma ana buƙatar faɗakarwa

Binciken dakunan gwaje-gwaje da bayanai na gaske daga ƙasashe da yawa sun nuna cewa Omicron da nau'ikansa ba su da ƙarfi kuma ba su da yuwuwar haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani fiye da nau'in asali da sauran nau'ikan mutant.

Koyaya, labarin bita a cikin fitowar Lancet na Janairu 2022, mai take 'Milder amma ba mai laushi', ya lura cewa duk da cewa kamuwa da cutar Omicron ya kai kashi 21% na shigar asibiti a cikin ƙaramar jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu, adadin barkewar cutar da ke haifar da mummunar cuta yana yiwuwa ya karu a cikin yawan jama'a masu matakan kamuwa da cuta daban-daban da matakan rigakafi daban-daban. (Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yawan jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu gabaɗaya, kashi 21% na marasa lafiya da ke kwance a asibiti da suka kamu da cutar sankara ta SARS-CoV-2 suna da babban sakamako na asibiti, adadin da zai iya ƙaruwa da haifar da tasiri mai yawa yayin barkewar cutar a cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙididdiga daban-daban da ƙananan matakan kamuwa da cuta ko rigakafin rigakafin da aka samu.)

A ƙarshen rahoton na WHO da aka ambata, ƙungiyar ta lura cewa duk da raguwar ƙwayoyin cuta na baya-bayan nan, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na marasa lafiya na Omicron (B.1.1.529) da ke asibiti sun kamu da cutar mai tsanani, da kuma cewa sabon nau'in kambi daban-daban na ci gaba da haifar da cututtuka da mace-mace a cikin tsofaffi, marasa lafiya ko marasa rigakafi. (Muna kuma so mu yi taka tsantsan cewa bincikenmu bai kamata a yi la'akari da shi azaman mai goyan bayan bambamcin 'm' ba. VOCs) na ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga yawan cututtuka da mace-mace.)

Bayanan da suka gabata daga Omicron lokacin da ya haifar da bullar cutar karo na biyar a Hong Kong ya nuna cewa ya zuwa ranar 4 ga Mayu 2022, an sami mutuwar mutane 9115 daga cikin 1192765 sabbin kararraki a lokacin tashin ruwa na biyar (yawan mace-mace na 0.76%) da kuma danyen mace-mace na mutane fiye da shekaru 2.3. na wannan rukunin shekarun ba a yi musu rigakafi ba).

Sabanin haka, kawai 2% na New Zealanders sama da shekaru 60 ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba, wanda ke da alaƙa sosai tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin mace-mace na 0.07% don sabuwar cutar kambi.

A gefe guda kuma, yayin da ake yawan jayayya cewa Newcastle na iya zama yanayi na yanayi, cututtuka a nan gaba, akwai ƙwararrun masana ilimi waɗanda ke da ra'ayi na daban.

Masana kimiyya uku daga Jami'ar Oxford da Cibiyar Nazarin Hadin gwiwar Tarayyar Turai sun yi imanin cewa ƙananan nauyin Omicron na iya zama daidaituwa kawai, kuma ci gaba da saurin juyin halittar antigenic (juyin halitta na antigenic) na iya haifar da sababbin bambance-bambancen.

Ba kamar tserewa na rigakafi da watsawa ba, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin matsi mai ƙarfi na juyin halitta, virulence yawanci kawai 'samfurin' na juyin halitta ne. Kwayoyin cuta suna tasowa don haɓaka ikon su na yaduwa, kuma wannan na iya haifar da haɓakar ƙwayar cuta. Alal misali, ta hanyar ƙara ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta don sauƙaƙe watsawa, har yanzu yana iya haifar da cututtuka mafi tsanani.

Ba wai kawai ba, har ila yau cutar za ta haifar da iyakancewar cutarwa yayin yaduwar kwayar cutar idan alamun da kwayar cutar ta haifar sun bayyana musamman daga baya a cikin kamuwa da cuta - kamar yadda yake a cikin kwayar cutar mura, kwayar cutar HIV da kuma cutar hanta ta C, a ambaci kadan, wadanda ke da isasshen lokaci don yaduwa kafin haifar da mummunan sakamako.

Intanet tushen hoto

A cikin irin wannan yanayi, yana iya zama da wahala a iya hasashen yanayin sabon nau'in maye gurbi daga ƙananan ƙwayar cuta ta Omicron, amma labari mai daɗi shine cewa sabon maganin kambi ya nuna raguwar haɗarin rashin lafiya da mutuwa akan duk nau'ikan mutant, kuma ƙara yawan adadin allurar rigakafi ya kasance muhimmiyar hanya don yaƙar cutar a wannan matakin.
Godiya: Panpan Zhou, PhD, Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Tsinghua da Postdoctoral Fellow, Cibiyar Bincike ta Scripps, Amurka ce ta yi bitar wannan labarin da fasaha.
Omicron antigen reagent mai gwada kansa a gida