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"Ƙwayar cutar Omicron ta yi kama da ta mura ta yanayi" kuma "Omicron ba ta da wata illa kamar Delta". …… Kwanan nan, labarai da yawa game da ƙwayar cutar sabon nau'in ƙwayar cuta mai kama da ta Omicron ya bazu a intanet.
Hakika, tun bayan bullar nau'in kwayar halittar Omicron a watan Nuwamba na 2021 da kuma yadda take yaduwa a duniya, bincike da tattaunawa kan cutar da kuma yaduwarta sun ci gaba ba tare da katsewa ba. Menene yanayin cutar Omicron a halin yanzu? Me binciken ya ce game da shi?
Nazarce-nazarce daban-daban na dakin gwaje-gwaje: Omicron ba shi da ƙarfi sosai
A gaskiya ma, tun daga watan Janairun 2022, wani bincike daga Jami'ar Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine ya gano cewa Omicron (B.1.1.529) na iya zama ba shi da ƙwayoyin cuta idan aka kwatanta da nau'in farko da sauran nau'ikan maye gurbi.
An gano cewa nau'in Omicron mai canza halitta bai yi tasiri ba wajen amfani da transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), yayin da TMPRSS2 zai iya sauƙaƙe mamaye ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar raba furotin mai ƙarfi na sabon coronavirus. A lokaci guda, masu binciken sun lura cewa kwafi na Omicron ya ragu sosai a cikin layin ƙwayoyin halittar ɗan adam Calu3 da Caco2.
Tushen hoto ta intanet
A cikin samfurin linzamin k18-hACE2, kwafi na Omicron ya ragu a cikin sassan numfashi na sama da na ƙasa na beraye idan aka kwatanta da na asali da na Delta mutant, kuma cututtukan huhunsa ba su da tsanani, yayin da kamuwa da cutar Omicron ya haifar da ƙarancin asarar nauyi da mace-mace fiye da na asali da kuma na Alpha, Beta da Delta mutants.
Saboda haka, masu binciken sun kammala da cewa yawan kwafi da kuma kamuwa da cuta na Omicron sun ragu a cikin beraye.
Tushen hoto ta intanet
A ranar 16 ga Mayu 2022, Nature ta buga wata takarda da Yoshihiro Kawaoka, wani babban masanin kimiyyar cututtuka daga Jami'ar Tokyo da Jami'ar Wisconsin, ya tabbatar da cewa a karon farko a cikin samfurin dabbobi cewa Omicron BA.2 hakika ba shi da ƙarfi kamar na asali na baya.
Masu binciken sun zaɓi ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai na BA.2 da aka ware a Japan don kamuwa da beraye da hamsters na k18-hACE2 kuma sun gano cewa, bayan kamuwa da cuta iri ɗaya, beraye da suka kamu da BA.2 da BA.1 suna da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin huhu da hanci fiye da kamuwa da cutar New Crown ta asali (p<0.0001).
Wannan sakamakon zinare ya tabbatar da cewa Omicron ba shi da wata illa kamar ta asali. Sabanin haka, babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin huhu da hancin samfuran dabbobi bayan kamuwa da cutar BA.2 da BA.1.
Tushen hoto ta intanet
Gwaje-gwajen ƙwayoyin cuta na PCR sun nuna cewa beraye da suka kamu da cutar BA.2 da BA.1 suna da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin huhu da hanci fiye da nau'in New Crown na asali, musamman a cikin huhu (p<0.0001).
Kamar yadda sakamakon ya nuna a beraye, ƙwayoyin cuta da aka gano a hanci da huhu na hamsters da suka kamu da BA.2 da BA.1 sun yi ƙasa da na asali bayan an yi musu allurar riga-kafi tare da irin wannan allurar, musamman a cikin huhu, kuma sun ɗan yi ƙasa da na BA.1 a cikin hancin hamsters da suka kamu da BA.2 - a zahiri, rabin hamsters da suka kamu da BA.2 ba su kamu da cutar huhu ba.
An kuma gano cewa nau'ikan farko, BA.2 da BA.1, ba su da maganin hana kamuwa da cutar bayan kamuwa da cuta - wanda ya yi daidai da abin da aka gani a cikin mutane na gaske lokacin da suka kamu da sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.
Tushen hoto ta intanet
Bayanan gaskiya: Omicron ba shi da yuwuwar haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani
Da dama daga cikin binciken da ke sama sun bayyana raguwar kamuwa da cutar Omicron a cikin samfuran dabbobi na dakin gwaje-gwaje, amma shin hakan gaskiya ne a duniyar gaske?
A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2022, WHO ta buga wani rahoto da ke tantance bambancin tsananin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar a lokacin annobar Omicron (B.1.1.529) idan aka kwatanta da annobar Delta.
Rahoton ya kunshi sabbin marasa lafiya 16,749 da suka kamu da cutar zuciya daga dukkan lardunan Afirka ta Kudu, ciki har da 16,749 daga annobar Delta (2021/8/2 zuwa 2021/10/3) da kuma 17,693 daga annobar Omicron (2021/11/15 zuwa 2022/2/16). An kuma rarraba marasa lafiyar a matsayin masu tsanani, masu tsanani da kuma marasa tsanani.
mai mahimmanci: samun iska mai guba, ko iskar oxygen da iskar oxygen mai yawan kwarara daga hanci, ko iskar oxygen ta membrane ta waje (ECMO), ko kuma shigar da shi cikin ICU yayin asibiti.
-mai tsanani (mai tsanani): an sami iskar oxygen yayin asibiti
-ba mai tsanani ba: idan babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan da ke sama, to mara lafiyar ba mai tsanani ba ne.
Bayanan sun nuna cewa a cikin ƙungiyar Delta, kashi 49.2% sun yi tsanani, kashi 7.7% sun yi tsanani, kuma kashi 28% na dukkan marasa lafiya da suka kamu da cutar Delta a asibiti sun mutu, yayin da a cikin ƙungiyar Omicron, kashi 28.1% sun yi tsanani, kashi 3.7% sun yi tsanani, kuma kashi 15% na dukkan marasa lafiya da suka kamu da cutar Omicron a asibiti sun mutu. Haka kuma, matsakaicin tsawon lokacin zama shine kwana 7 a cikin ƙungiyar Delta idan aka kwatanta da kwana 6 a cikin ƙungiyar Omicron.
Bugu da ƙari, rahoton ya yi nazarin abubuwan da ke tasiri ga shekaru, jinsi, matsayin allurar riga-kafi da kuma cututtuka masu alaƙa da juna, sannan ya kammala da cewa Omicron (B.1.1.529) yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin yuwuwar kamuwa da rashin lafiya mai tsanani da tsanani (95% CI: 0.41 zuwa 0.46; p<0.001) da kuma ƙarancin haɗarin mutuwa a asibiti (95% CI: 0.59 zuwa 0.65; p<0.001).
Tushen hoto ta intanet
Ga nau'ikan Omicron daban-daban, ƙarin bincike sun kuma yi nazari dalla-dalla game da ƙwayoyin cuta masu yaduwa.
Wani bincike da aka gudanar daga New England ya yi nazari kan shari'o'i 20770 na Delta, shari'o'i 52605 na Omicron B.1.1.529 da kuma shari'o'i 29840 na Omicron BA.2, kuma ya gano cewa kaso 0.7% na mace-macen ya kasance ga Delta, 0.4% na B.1.1.529 da kuma 0.3% na BA.2. Bayan daidaitawa da abubuwan da suka rikitar da su, binciken ya kammala da cewa hadarin mutuwa ya yi kasa sosai ga BA.2 idan aka kwatanta da Delta da B.1.1.529.
Tushen hoto ta intanet
Wani bincike da aka yi daga Afirka ta Kudu ya tantance haɗarin zuwa asibiti da kuma haɗarin mummunan sakamako ga Delta, BA.1, BA.2 da BA.4/BA.5. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa daga cikin sabbin marasa lafiya 98,710 da suka kamu da cutar da aka haɗa a cikin binciken, an kwantar da 3825 (3.9%) a asibiti, waɗanda 1276 (33.4%) suka kamu da cutar mai tsanani.
Daga cikin waɗanda suka kamu da nau'ikan maye gurbi daban-daban, kashi 57.7% na waɗanda suka kamu da cutar Delta sun kamu da cutar mai tsanani (97/168), idan aka kwatanta da kashi 33.7% na waɗanda suka kamu da cutar BA.1 (990/2940), kashi 26.2% na BA.2 (167/637) da kashi 27.5% na BA.4/BA.5 (22/80). Binciken multivariate ya nuna cewa yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar mai tsanani a tsakanin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar Delta > BA.1 > BA.2, yayin da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar mai tsanani a tsakanin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar BA.4/BA.5 ba ta bambanta sosai ba idan aka kwatanta da BA.2.
An rage yawan kamuwa da cutar, amma ana buƙatar yin taka tsantsan
Nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje da bayanai na gaske daga ƙasashe da dama sun nuna cewa Omicron da ƙananan nau'ikansa ba su da saurin kamuwa da cuta kuma ba su da yuwuwar haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani kamar nau'in farko da sauran nau'ikan maye gurbi.
Duk da haka, wani labarin bita a cikin fitowar jaridar The Lancet ta watan Janairun 2022, mai taken 'Milder but not mild', ya lura cewa duk da cewa kamuwa da cutar Omicron ya kai kashi 21% na yawan mutanen da aka kwantar a asibiti a cikin ƙananan al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu, adadin barkewar cutar da ke haifar da cututtuka mai tsanani yana iya ƙaruwa a cikin yawan mutanen da ke da matakan kamuwa da cuta daban-daban da matakan rigakafi daban-daban. (Duk da haka, a cikin wannan ƙaramin al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu gabaɗaya, kashi 21% na marasa lafiya da ke asibiti da suka kamu da cutar SARS-CoV-2 omicron suna da mummunan tasirin asibiti, rabon da zai iya ƙaruwa kuma ya haifar da babban tasiri yayin barkewar cutar a cikin al'ummomin da ke da alƙaluma daban-daban da ƙananan matakan rigakafi da aka samo daga kamuwa da cuta ko kuma daga allurar rigakafi.)
A ƙarshen rahoton da aka ambata a baya na WHO, ƙungiyar ta lura cewa duk da raguwar kamuwa da cutar da ta gabata, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na marasa lafiya da ke kwance a asibiti na Omicron (B.1.1.529) sun kamu da cutar mai tsanani, kuma sabbin ƙwayoyin halittar jini daban-daban sun ci gaba da haifar da yawan kamuwa da cuta da mace-mace a cikin tsofaffi, waɗanda ba su da ƙarfin garkuwar jiki ko kuma waɗanda ba su da allurar rigakafi. (Muna kuma so mu yi gargaɗin cewa bai kamata a ɗauki bincikenmu a matsayin mai goyon bayan labarin 'mai sauƙi' ba. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na marasa lafiya da ke kwance a asibiti na Omicron sun kamu da cutar mai tsanani kuma kashi 15% sun mutu; adadin da ba shi da muhimmanci……A tsakanin al'ummomin da ke cikin mawuyacin hali, wato marasa lafiya a cikin mawuyacin hali, a cikin al'ummomin da ke da yawan kamuwa da cutar, a cikin marasa lafiya masu rauni da kuma tsakanin waɗanda ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi ba, COVID-19 (dukkan VOCs) yana ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga yawan kamuwa da cuta da mace-mace.)
Bayanan da aka samu a baya daga Omicron lokacin da ya haifar da bullar cutar karo na biyar a Hong Kong sun nuna cewa ya zuwa ranar 4 ga Mayu 2022, an samu mutuwar mutane 9115 daga cikin sabbin mutane 1192765 da suka kamu da cutar a lokacin bullar cutar karo na biyar (yawan mace-macen da ba a yi ba na kashi 0.76%) da kuma mace-macen da ba a yi wa magani ba na kashi 2.70% ga mutanen da suka haura shekaru 60 (kimanin kashi 19.30% na wannan rukunin shekaru ba a yi musu allurar riga-kafi ba).
Sabanin haka, kashi 2% ne kawai na 'yan New Zealand sama da shekaru 60 ba a yi musu allurar riga-kafi ba, wanda hakan ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin mace-mace na kashi 0.07% ga sabuwar annobar korona.
A gefe guda kuma, duk da cewa ana yawan jayayya cewa Newcastle na iya zama wata cuta ta yanayi da ta zama ruwan dare a nan gaba, akwai kwararrun masana ilimi waɗanda ke ɗaukar wani ra'ayi daban.
Masana kimiyya uku daga Jami'ar Oxford da Cibiyar Bincike ta Haɗin gwiwa ta Tarayyar Turai sun yi imanin cewa ƙarancin tsananin Omicron na iya zama kawai daidaituwa, kuma ci gaba da saurin juyin halittar antigenic (juyin halittar antigenic) na iya haifar da sabbin bambance-bambance.
Ba kamar tserewa daga garkuwar jiki da kuma yaduwar cutar ba, waɗanda ke fuskantar matsin lamba mai ƙarfi na juyin halitta, ƙwayar cuta yawanci 'samfuri ne kawai' na juyin halitta. Ƙwayoyin cuta suna tasowa don haɓaka ikonsu na yaɗuwa, kuma wannan na iya haifar da ƙaruwar ƙwayar cuta. Misali, ta hanyar ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta don sauƙaƙe yaɗuwar cutar, har yanzu yana iya haifar da cututtuka masu tsanani.
Ba wai kawai haka ba, har ma da kamuwa da cuta zai iya haifar da mummunar illa a lokacin yaɗuwar kwayar cuta idan alamun da kwayar cutar ke haifarwa suka bayyana musamman daga baya a cikin kamuwa da cuta - kamar yadda yake a yanayin ƙwayoyin cuta na mura, HIV da ƙwayoyin cuta na hepatitis C, da sauransu, waɗanda ke da isasshen lokaci don yaɗuwa kafin su haifar da mummunan sakamako.
Tushen hoto ta intanet
A irin waɗannan yanayi, yana iya zama da wahala a yi hasashen yanayin sabon nau'in maye gurbin kambi daga ƙarancin kamuwa da cutar Omicron, amma labari mai daɗi shine cewa sabon allurar rigakafin kambi ta nuna raguwar haɗarin rashin lafiya mai tsanani da mutuwa a kan dukkan nau'ikan maye gurbin, kuma ƙaruwar yawan allurar rigakafin jama'a har yanzu hanya ce mai mahimmanci don yaƙar annobar a wannan matakin.
Godiya: An yi wa wannan labarin bita ta hanyar kwararru daga Panpan Zhou, PhD, Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Tsinghua kuma ƙwararren ɗalibi na Postdoctoral, Cibiyar Bincike ta Scripps, Amurka
Maganin antigen na Omicron da ke gwada kansa a gida
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-08-2022
Saitunan Sirri