Tasirin igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki akan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta da hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa: bita a cikin Journal of Virology

Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta sun zama babbar matsalar lafiyar jama'a a duniya. Kwayoyin cuta na iya cutar da dukkan kwayoyin halitta kuma suna haifar da rauni da lalacewa daban-daban, suna haifar da cuta har ma da mutuwa. Tare da yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta masu saurin kamuwa da cuta kamar ƙwayar cuta mai saurin numfashi na coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), akwai buƙatar gaggawa don haɓaka ingantattun hanyoyin aminci don hana ƙwayoyin cuta. Hanyoyi na al'ada don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta suna da amfani amma suna da iyakancewa. Tare da halaye na babban ikon shiga, haɓakar jiki kuma babu gurɓatacce, igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki sun zama dabarun da za su iya haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna jawo hankali. Wannan labarin ya ba da taƙaitaccen bayani game da wallafe-wallafen kwanan nan game da tasirin igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki akan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma hanyoyin su, da kuma yiwuwar amfani da igiyoyin lantarki don kunna ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma sababbin ra'ayoyi da hanyoyi na irin wannan rashin kunnawa.
Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta suna yaduwa cikin sauri, suna dawwama na dogon lokaci, suna da haɗari sosai kuma suna iya haifar da annoba ta duniya da kuma haɗarin kiwon lafiya mai tsanani. Rigakafi, ganowa, gwaji, kawar da kai da magani sune mahimman matakai don dakatar da yaduwar cutar. Gaggawa da ingantaccen kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da rigakafi, kariya, da kawar da tushe. Rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar lalata ilimin lissafi don rage kamuwa da cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta da iyawar haifuwa hanya ce mai tasiri ta kawar da su. Hanyoyi na al'ada, gami da babban zafin jiki, sinadarai da ionizing radiation, na iya kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa yadda ya kamata. Duk da haka, waɗannan hanyoyin suna da wasu iyakoki. Sabili da haka, har yanzu akwai buƙatar gaggawa don haɓaka sabbin dabaru don rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta.
Fitar da igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki yana da fa'idodi na babban iko mai shiga, sauri da dumama iri ɗaya, haɓaka tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da sakin plasma, kuma ana tsammanin ya zama hanya mai amfani don hana ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta [1,2,3]. An nuna ƙarfin igiyoyin lantarki don hana ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe [4]. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yin amfani da igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki don rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta ya jawo hankali. Wannan labarin ya tattauna tasirin igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki akan ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da hanyoyin su, waɗanda zasu iya zama jagora mai amfani don bincike na asali da aiki.
Halayen halittar ƙwayoyin cuta na iya nuna ayyuka kamar rayuwa da kamuwa da cuta. An nuna cewa igiyoyin lantarki, musamman maɗaukakiyar mitar mita (UHF) da ultra high mita (EHF) igiyoyin lantarki, na iya tarwatsa tsarin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ana amfani da Bacteriophage MS2 (MS2) sau da yawa a wurare daban-daban na bincike kamar kimantawa na lalata, ƙirar kinetic (mai ruwa mai ruwa), da halayen ilimin halitta na ƙwayoyin cuta na hoto (5, 6). Wu ya gano cewa microwaves a 2450 MHz da 700 W sun haifar da tarawa da raguwar ma'aunin ruwa na MS2 bayan minti 1 na iska mai iska kai tsaye [1]. Bayan ƙarin bincike, an kuma sami hutu a saman MS2 phage [7]. Kaczmarczyk [8] ya fallasa dakatarwar samfuran coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) zuwa raƙuman ruwa na millimeter tare da mitar 95 GHz da ƙarfin ƙarfin 70 zuwa 100 W/cm2 na 0.1 s. Ana iya samun manyan ramuka a cikin mummunan harsashi na kwayar cutar, wanda ke haifar da asarar abubuwan da ke cikinta. Fitar da igiyoyin lantarki na iya zama ɓarna ga siffofin hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Duk da haka, canje-canje a cikin abubuwan halitta, kamar sura, diamita da santsin ƙasa, bayan bayyanar cutar da radiation na lantarki ba a san su ba. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin sifofin ilimin halittar jiki da rikicewar aiki, waɗanda zasu iya samar da alamomi masu mahimmanci da dacewa don tantance rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta [1].
Tsarin kwayar cutar hoto yawanci ya ƙunshi acid nucleic (RNA ko DNA) na ciki da capsid na waje. Nucleic acid ne ke ƙayyade kaddarorin kwayoyin halitta da kwafi na ƙwayoyin cuta. The capsid shi ne babban Layer na gina jiki da aka shirya akai-akai, asali scaffolding da antigenic bangaren na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, da kuma kare nucleic acid. Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta suna da tsarin ambulaf wanda ya ƙunshi lipids da glycoproteins. Bugu da ƙari, sunadaran ambulan suna ƙayyade takamaiman masu karɓa kuma suna aiki a matsayin babban antigens da tsarin garkuwar jiki zai iya gane su. Cikakken tsari yana tabbatar da mutunci da kwanciyar hankali na kwayar cutar.
Bincike ya nuna cewa igiyoyin lantarki, musamman UHF electromagnetic taguwar ruwa, na iya lalata RNA na ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da cututtuka. Wu [1] kai tsaye ya fallasa yanayin ruwa na ƙwayar cuta ta MS2 zuwa 2450 MHz microwaves na mintuna 2 kuma yayi nazarin kwayoyin halittar da ke ɓoye furotin A, furotin capsid, furotin mai kwafi, da furotin cleavage ta gel electrophoresis da jujjuyawar sarkar polymerase. RT-PCR). An lalata waɗannan kwayoyin halitta a hankali tare da ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin har ma sun ɓace a mafi girman ƙarfin iko. Alal misali, bayyanar da furotin A gene (934 bp) ya ragu sosai bayan bayyanar da igiyoyin lantarki tare da ikon 119 da 385 W kuma gaba daya ya ɓace lokacin da ƙarfin ƙarfin ya karu zuwa 700 W. Wadannan bayanan sun nuna cewa igiyoyin lantarki na iya. dangane da kashi, lalata tsarin nucleic acid na ƙwayoyin cuta.
Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa tasirin igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki akan sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta ya dogara ne akan tasirin zafi na kai tsaye akan masu shiga tsakani da tasirinsu kai tsaye akan haɗin furotin saboda lalata ƙwayoyin nucleic acid [1, 3, 8, 9]. Koyaya, tasirin athermic kuma na iya canza polarity ko tsarin sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta [1, 10, 11]. Tasirin kai tsaye na igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki akan mahimman sunadaran tsari/marasa tsari kamar su sunadaran capsid, sunadaran ambulaf ko sunadaran karu na ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta har yanzu yana buƙatar ƙarin nazari. Kwanan nan an ba da shawarar cewa mintuna 2 na radiation na lantarki a mitar 2.45 GHz tare da ikon 700 W na iya yin hulɗa tare da ɓangarori daban-daban na cajin furotin ta hanyar samuwar wurare masu zafi da filayen lantarki ta hanyar tasirin lantarki zalla [12].
Ambulan kwayar cuta mai cutarwa yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da ikonsa na kamuwa da cuta ko haifar da cuta. Yawancin bincike sun ba da rahoton cewa UHF da igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki na iya lalata bawo na ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da cututtuka. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana iya gano ramuka daban-daban a cikin ambulan hoto na coronavirus 229E bayan bayyanar 0.1 na biyu zuwa igiyar millimita 95 GHz a ƙarfin ƙarfin 70 zuwa 100 W/cm2 [8]. Sakamakon resonant makamashi canja wurin igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki na iya haifar da isasshen damuwa don lalata tsarin ambulan cutar. Ga ƙwayoyin cuta masu lulluɓi, bayan fashe ambulan, kamuwa da cuta ko wasu ayyuka yawanci suna raguwa ko sun ɓace gaba ɗaya [13, 14]. Yang [13] ya fallasa kwayar cutar murar H3N2 (H3N2) da H1N1 (H1N1) na mura zuwa microwaves a 8.35 GHz, 320 W/m² da 7 GHz, 308 W/m², bi da bi, na mintuna 15. Don kwatanta siginar RNA na ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da aka fallasa ga raƙuman ruwa na lantarki da rarrabuwar ƙirar ƙirar daskararre kuma nan da nan ta narke a cikin ruwa nitrogen don zagaye da yawa, RT-PCR an yi. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa siginonin RNA na samfuran biyu sun daidaita sosai. Wadannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa tsarin jiki na kwayar cutar ya rushe kuma an lalata tsarin ambulan bayan bayyanar da radiation ta microwave.
Ana iya siffanta ayyukan ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar iya kamuwa da cuta, kwafi da rubutawa. Yawan kamuwa da cuta ko aiki ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar auna titers ta hanyar yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen plaque, matsakaicin ƙwayar cuta na al'ada (TCID50), ko aikin ɗan rahoto na luciferase. Amma kuma ana iya tantance shi kai tsaye ta hanyar keɓe ƙwayar cuta mai rai ko kuma ta hanyar nazarin antigen na hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, tsirar ƙwayoyin cuta, da sauransu.
An bayar da rahoton cewa UHF, SHF da EHF igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki na iya kashe iska kai tsaye daga iska ko ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa. Wu [1] ya fallasa MS2 bacteriophage aerosol wanda na'urar nebulizer na dakin gwaje-gwaje ya haifar zuwa raƙuman ruwa na lantarki tare da mitar 2450 MHz da ƙarfin 700 W na 1.7 min, yayin da adadin rayuwa na bacteriophage MS2 ya kasance kawai 8.66%. Hakazalika da MS2 aerosol na kwayar cuta, kashi 91.3% na MS2 mai ruwa da tsaki ba a kunna su ba a cikin mintuna 1.5 bayan fallasa zuwa kashi ɗaya na igiyoyin lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin hasken lantarki na lantarki don hana ƙwayar cutar MS2 ya kasance daidai da alaƙa da ƙarfin ƙarfin da lokacin bayyanawa. Koyaya, lokacin da ingancin kashewa ya kai matsakaicin ƙimarsa, ƙimar kashewa ba za a iya inganta ta hanyar ƙara lokacin bayyanawa ko ƙara yawan ƙarfin wuta ba. Misali, kwayar cutar MS2 tana da ƙarancin rayuwa daga 2.65% zuwa 4.37% bayan fallasa zuwa 2450 MHz da 700 W raƙuman ruwa na lantarki, kuma ba a sami wani gagarumin canje-canje tare da ƙara lokacin fallasa ba. Siddharta [3] ya haska wani dakatarwar al'adun tantanin halitta mai ɗauke da cutar hanta C (HCV) / nau'in ƙwayar cuta ta mutum ta 1 (HIV-1) tare da raƙuman ruwa na lantarki a mitar 2450 MHz da ƙarfin 360 W. Sun gano cewa masu gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta sun ragu sosai. bayan minti 3 na fallasa, yana nuna cewa hasken wutar lantarki na lantarki yana da tasiri a kan cutar HCV da HIV-1 kuma yana taimakawa hana yaduwar kwayar cutar koda lokacin fallasa. tare. Lokacin haskaka al'adun sel na HCV da dakatarwar HIV-1 tare da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa na lantarki tare da mitar 2450 MHz, 90 W ko 180 W, babu wani canji a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, wanda aikin mai ba da rahoto na luciferase ya ƙaddara, da kuma babban canji a cikin kamuwa da cuta. an lura. a 600 da 800 W na minti 1, kamuwa da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta biyu ba su ragu sosai ba, wanda aka yi imanin yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin hasken wutar lantarki da lokacin bayyanar yanayin zafi mai mahimmanci.
Kaczmarczyk [8] ya fara nuna rashin lafiyar raƙuman lantarki na EHF a kan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa a cikin 2021. Sun fallasa samfuran coronavirus 229E ko poliovirus (PV) zuwa igiyoyin lantarki a mitar 95 GHz da ƙarfin ƙarfin 70 zuwa 100 W/cm2 na 2 seconds. Ingancin rashin kunna ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu shine 99.98% da 99.375%, bi da bi. wanda ke nuni da cewa igiyoyin lantarki na EHF suna da faffadan buƙatun aikace-aikace a fagen rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta.
An kuma kimanta tasirin rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta na UHF a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban kamar madarar nono da wasu kayan da aka saba amfani da su a cikin gida. Masu binciken sun fallasa abin rufe fuska na saƙar da aka gurbata da adenovirus (ADV), nau'in poliovirus 1 (PV-1), herpesvirus 1 (HV-1) da rhinovirus (RHV) zuwa radiation na lantarki a mitar 2450 MHz da ikon 720 watts. Sun bayar da rahoton cewa gwaje-gwaje don ADV da PV-1 antigens sun zama mara kyau, kuma HV-1, PIV-3, da RHV titers sun ragu zuwa sifili, yana nuna cikakkiyar rashin kunna duk ƙwayoyin cuta bayan mintuna 4 na fallasa [15, 16]. Elhafi [17] kai tsaye fallasa swabs kamuwa da cutar sankara na Avian (IBV), Avian pneumovirus (APV), Newcastle cuta virus (NDV), da Avian mura cutar (AIV) zuwa 2450 MHz, 900 W microwave tanda. rasa kamuwa da cuta. Daga cikin su, an kuma gano APV da IBV a cikin al'adun gabobin tracheal da aka samo daga amfrayo na kajin na ƙarni na 5. Kodayake ba za a iya ware kwayar cutar ba, RT-PCR ta gano kwayar nucleic acid har yanzu. Ben-Shoshan [18] ya fallasa kai tsaye 2450 MHz, 750 W electromagnetic taguwar ruwa zuwa 15 cytomegalovirus (CMV) tabbataccen samfuran nono na daƙiƙa 30. Gano Antigen ta Shell-Vial ya nuna cikakken rashin kunnawar CMV. Koyaya, a 500 W, 2 daga cikin samfuran 15 ba su cimma cikakkiyar rashin kunnawa ba, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin rashin kunnawa da ƙarfin igiyoyin lantarki.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Yang [13] ya annabta mitar mai ƙarfi tsakanin igiyoyin lantarki da ƙwayoyin cuta dangane da ingantattun samfuran jiki. Dakatar da kwayoyin cutar H3N2 tare da nauyin 7.5 × 1014 m-3, wanda Madin Darby kare ƙwayoyin koda (MDCK) ya haifar da ƙwayar cuta, an fallasa kai tsaye zuwa igiyoyin lantarki a mitar 8 GHz da ƙarfin 820 W/m² na mintuna 15. Matsayin rashin kunna kwayar cutar H3N2 ya kai 100%. Koyaya, a matakin ƙididdiga na 82 W/m2, kashi 38% na ƙwayar cutar H3N2 kawai ba a kunna ba, yana nuna cewa ingancin rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta na EM yana da alaƙa da kusanci da ƙarfin ƙarfi. Dangane da wannan binciken, Barbora [14] ya ƙididdige kewayon mitar resonant (8.5-20 GHz) tsakanin raƙuman ruwa na lantarki da SARS-CoV-2 kuma sun kammala cewa 7.5 × 1014 m-3 na SARS-CoV- 2 an fallasa su da igiyoyin lantarki tare da mitar 10-17 GHz da ƙarfin ƙarfin 14.5 ± 1 W/m2 na kusan mintuna 15 zai haifar. a cikin 100% kashewa. Wani bincike na kwanan nan da Wang [19] ya yi ya nuna cewa mitocin SARS-CoV-2 sun kasance 4 da 7.5 GHz, yana tabbatar da wanzuwar mitoci masu cin gashin kansu ba tare da titer ba.
A ƙarshe, za mu iya cewa electromagnetic taguwar ruwa iya shafar aerosols da suspensions, kazalika da ayyuka na ƙwayoyin cuta a saman. An gano cewa tasirin rashin kunnawa yana da alaƙa ta kusa da mita da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kuma matsakaicin da ake amfani da shi don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Bugu da kari, mitoci na lantarki dangane da resonance na jiki suna da matukar muhimmanci ga rashin kunna cutar [2, 13]. Har zuwa yanzu, tasirin igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki akan ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta ya fi mayar da hankali kan canza kamuwa da cuta. Saboda hadadden tsarin, bincike da yawa sun ba da rahoton tasirin igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki akan kwafi da kwafin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Hanyoyin da igiyoyin lantarki ke hana ƙwayoyin cuta suna da alaƙa da nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta, mita da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, da yanayin girma na ƙwayoyin cuta, amma ba a gano su ba. Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin isar da makamashin thermal, athermal, da kuma tsarin canza makamashi.
Ana fahimtar tasirin thermal azaman haɓakar zafin jiki wanda ke haifar da jujjuyawar saurin sauri, karo da gogayya na ƙwayoyin polar a cikin kyallen takarda a ƙarƙashin tasirin igiyoyin lantarki. Saboda wannan dukiya, igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki na iya ɗaga zafin ƙwayar cutar sama da iyakar juriya na ilimin lissafi, yana haifar da mutuwar kwayar cutar. Duk da haka, ƙwayoyin cuta sun ƙunshi ƙananan ƙwayoyin polar, waɗanda ke nuna cewa tasirin zafi kai tsaye akan ƙwayoyin cuta ba safai ba ne [1]. Akasin haka, akwai ƙarin ƙwayoyin polar da yawa a cikin matsakaita da muhalli, kamar kwayoyin ruwa, waɗanda ke motsawa daidai da madannin wutar lantarki da ke jin daɗin raƙuman ruwa na lantarki, suna haifar da zafi ta hanyar gogayya. Daga nan sai a mayar da zafi zuwa kwayar cutar don tada zafinsa. Lokacin da aka ƙetare iyakar haƙuri, ƙwayoyin nucleic acid da sunadaran suna lalata, wanda a ƙarshe yana rage kamuwa da cuta har ma yana hana ƙwayar cuta.
Ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun ba da rahoton cewa igiyoyin lantarki na iya rage kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar bayyanar zafi [1, 3, 8]. Kaczmarczyk [8] ya fallasa dakatarwar coronavirus 229E zuwa raƙuman ruwa na lantarki a mitar 95 GHz tare da ƙarfin ƙarfin 70 zuwa 100 W/cm² na 0.2-0.7 s. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa yawan zafin jiki na 100 ° C yayin wannan tsari ya ba da gudummawa ga lalata ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma rage ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana iya bayyana waɗannan tasirin thermal ta aikin raƙuman ruwa na lantarki akan abubuwan da ke kewaye da ruwa. Siddharta [3] mai ba da haske game da dakatarwar al'adun tantanin halitta na HCV na nau'ikan genotypes daban-daban, gami da GT1a, GT2a, GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, GT6a da GT7a, tare da igiyoyin wutan lantarki a mitar 2450 MHz da ƙarfin 90 W da 1380 W, W, 600 W da 800 Tue Tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki na matsakaicin al'adun tantanin halitta daga 26 ° C zuwa 92 ° C, hasken lantarki na lantarki ya rage kamuwa da kwayar cutar ko kuma ya kashe kwayar cutar gaba daya. Amma HCV an fallasa shi da igiyoyin lantarki na ɗan gajeren lokaci a ƙaramin ƙarfi (90 ko 180 W, mintuna 3) ko mafi girma (600 ko 800 W, minti 1), yayin da ba a sami ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin zafin jiki ba da babban canji a cikin ba a lura da kamuwa da cuta ko aiki ba.
Sakamakon da ke sama yana nuna cewa tasirin zafi na igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci da ke tasiri ga cututtuka ko ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta. Bugu da kari, da yawa karatu sun nuna cewa thermal sakamako na electromagnetic radiation inactivates pathogenic ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da UV-C da al'ada dumama [8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
Bugu da ƙari ga tasirin zafi, igiyoyin lantarki na iya canza polarity na kwayoyin halitta kamar sunadaran sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta da acid nucleic, suna haifar da kwayoyin don juyawa da rawar jiki, wanda ya haifar da raguwa ko ma mutuwa [10]. An yi imani da cewa saurin sauyawa na polarity na igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki yana haifar da polarization na furotin, wanda ke haifar da karkatarwa da karkatar da tsarin sunadaran kuma, a ƙarshe, zuwa denaturation na furotin [11].
Sakamakon mara zafi na igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki akan rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta ya kasance mai kawo rigima, amma yawancin binciken sun nuna sakamako mai kyau [1, 25]. Kamar yadda muka ambata a sama, igiyoyin lantarki na iya shiga cikin furotin ambulan kai tsaye na kwayar cutar MS2 kuma su lalata kwayar nucleic acid. Bugu da ƙari, aerosols na ƙwayoyin cuta na MS2 sun fi kula da igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki fiye da MS2 mai ruwa. Saboda ƙarancin ƙwayoyin polar, irin su kwayoyin ruwa, a cikin mahallin da ke kewaye da iska na ƙwayoyin cuta na MS2, tasirin athermic na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rashin kunnawar ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar igiyar ruwa ta lantarki [1].
Al'amarin na resonance yana nufin yanayin tsarin jiki don ɗaukar ƙarin kuzari daga mahallinsa a mitar yanayi da tsayinsa. Resonance yana faruwa a wurare da yawa a cikin yanayi. An san cewa ƙwayoyin cuta suna sake yin sauti tare da microwaves na mitar iri ɗaya a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanayin sautin dipole, al'amari na resonance [2, 13, 26]. Hanyoyin mu'amala tsakanin igiyoyin lantarki da ƙwayoyin cuta suna ƙara jan hankali. Tasirin ingantaccen tsarin resonance makamashi canja wuri (SRET) daga electromagnetic taguwar ruwa zuwa rufaffiyar acoustic oscillations (CAV) a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da karyewar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cuta saboda adawa da rawar jiki-capsid. Bugu da kari, gaba daya tasiri na SRET yana da alaƙa da yanayin muhalli, inda girman da pH na ƙwayoyin cuta ke ƙayyade mitar resonant da ƙarfin kuzari, bi da bi [2, 13, 19].
Tasirin rawan jiki na raƙuman ruwa na lantarki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta masu lulluɓi, waɗanda ke kewaye da membrane bilayer da ke cikin sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta. Masu binciken sun gano cewa kashewar H3N2 ta igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki tare da mitar 6 GHz da ƙarfin ƙarfin 486 W/m² ya faru ne sakamakon fashewar harsashi ta jiki saboda tasirin rawa [13]. Zazzabi na dakatarwar H3N2 ya ƙaru da 7°C kawai bayan mintuna 15 na fallasa, duk da haka, don rashin kunna kwayar cutar H3N2 ta ɗan adam ta dumama zafi, ana buƙatar zazzabi sama da 55°C [9]. An lura da irin waɗannan abubuwan mamaki ga ƙwayoyin cuta kamar SARS-CoV-2 da H3N1 [13, 14]. Bugu da ƙari, rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki ba ya haifar da lalacewar kwayoyin RNA na hoto mai hoto (1,13,14). Don haka, rashin kunna kwayar cutar H3N2 an inganta ta ta hanyar rawa ta jiki maimakon bayyanar zafi [13].
Idan aka kwatanta da tasirin zafi na igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki, rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar sautin jiki yana buƙatar ƙananan sigogi, waɗanda ke ƙasa da ka'idodin aminci na microwave wanda Cibiyar Injiniya da Lantarki ta kafa (IEEE) [2, 13]. A resonant mita da ikon kashi dogara a kan jiki Properties na kwayar cutar, kamar barbashi size da kuma elasticity, kuma duk ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin resonant mita za a iya yadda ya kamata niyya ga rashin kunnawa. Saboda yawan shigar ciki, rashin ionizing radiation, da lafiya mai kyau, ƙwayar cutar rashin kunnawa ta hanyar tasirin athermic na CPET yana da alƙawarin magance cututtukan cututtukan ɗan adam waɗanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da su [14, 26].
Dangane da aiwatar da rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin lokacin ruwa da kuma saman kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban, igiyoyin lantarki na iya yin aiki yadda ya kamata tare da iska mai saurin kamuwa da cuta [1, 26], wanda shine ci gaba kuma yana da matukar mahimmanci don sarrafa watsawa. kwayar cutar da hana yaduwar kwayar cutar a cikin al'umma. annoba. Haka kuma, gano kaddarorin rawar jiki na igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki yana da matukar muhimmanci a wannan fagen. Matukar an san mitar wani nau'in virion da igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki, duk ƙwayoyin cuta da ke cikin kewayon mitar rauni za a iya niyya, waɗanda ba za a iya cimma su ta hanyoyin hana ƙwayoyin cuta na gargajiya [13,14,26]. Rashin kunna wutar lantarki na ƙwayoyin cuta bincike ne mai ban sha'awa tare da babban bincike da ƙimar amfani da yuwuwar.
Idan aka kwatanta da fasahar kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ta al'ada, igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki suna da halaye na sauƙi, inganci, kariya ta muhalli lokacin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta saboda abubuwan da ke cikin jiki na musamman [2, 13]. Koyaya, matsaloli da yawa sun kasance. Na farko, ilimin zamani yana iyakance ga halayen zahiri na igiyoyin lantarki, kuma tsarin amfani da makamashi lokacin fitar da igiyoyin lantarki ba a bayyana ba [10, 27]. Microwaves, gami da igiyoyin milimita, an yi amfani da su sosai don nazarin rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta da hanyoyinta, duk da haka, ba a ba da rahoton nazarin raƙuman ruwa na lantarki a wasu mitoci ba, musamman a mitoci daga 100 kHz zuwa 300 MHz da kuma daga 300 GHz zuwa 10 THz. Na biyu, tsarin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa ta hanyar igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki ba a fayyace ba, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama da sanduna ne kawai aka yi nazarin [2]. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da ƙanƙanta, ba su da tantanin halitta, suna canzawa cikin sauƙi, kuma suna yaduwa cikin sauri, wanda zai iya hana kamuwa da cutar. Har yanzu ana buƙatar haɓaka fasahar igiyar wutar lantarki don shawo kan matsalar rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta. A ƙarshe, yawan ɗaukar makamashi mai annuri ta kwayoyin halitta na polar a cikin matsakaici, kamar kwayoyin ruwa, yana haifar da asarar makamashi. Bugu da kari, tasirin SRET na iya shafar wasu hanyoyin da ba a tantance su ba a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta [28]. Tasirin SRET kuma na iya canza ƙwayar cuta don dacewa da yanayinta, yana haifar da juriya ga igiyoyin lantarki [29].
A nan gaba, ana buƙatar haɓaka fasahar hana ƙwayoyin cuta ta amfani da igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki. Muhimmin binciken kimiyya yakamata a yi niyya don bayyana tsarin hana ƙwayoyin cuta ta igiyoyin lantarki. Misali, tsarin amfani da makamashin ƙwayoyin cuta lokacin da aka fallasa su da igiyoyin lantarki, da cikakken tsarin aikin da ba na zafi ba wanda ke kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, da tsarin tasirin SRET tsakanin igiyoyin lantarki da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban ya kamata a fayyace cikin tsari. Binciken da aka yi amfani da shi ya kamata ya mayar da hankali kan yadda za a hana wuce gona da iri na makamashin radiation ta kwayoyin polar, nazarin tasirin igiyoyin lantarki na nau'i-nau'i daban-daban akan ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, da kuma nazarin abubuwan da ba su da zafi na igiyoyin lantarki a cikin lalata ƙwayoyin cuta.
igiyoyin lantarki sun zama hanya mai ban sha'awa don rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta. Fasahar igiyar lantarki ta lantarki tana da fa'idodin ƙarancin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, ƙarancin farashi, da haɓakar ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya shawo kan iyakokin fasahar rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ta gargajiya. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don ƙayyade ma'auni na fasahar igiyar wutar lantarki da kuma bayyana tsarin rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta.
Wani nau'in radiation na igiyar lantarki na iya lalata tsari da ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Ingancin rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta yana da alaƙa ta kusa da mita, yawan ƙarfi, da lokacin fallasa. Bugu da kari, yuwuwar hanyoyin sun haɗa da thermal, thermal, da kuma tsarin resonance tasirin canjin makamashi. Idan aka kwatanta da fasahar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta ta gargajiya, rashin kunna ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar igiyar wuta ta lantarki yana da fa'idodin sauƙi, inganci mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin ƙazanta. Don haka, rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta na electromagnetic wave ya zama dabarar rigakafin kamuwa da cuta don aikace-aikace na gaba.
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