Binciken gaggawa na cututtukan jini

Kamuwa da jini (BSI) yana nufin wani nau'in amsawar kumburi na tsarin da ke haifar da mamayewar ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban da gubobinsu cikin jini.

Yanayin cutar sau da yawa yana nunawa ta hanyar kunnawa da sakin masu shiga tsakani, haifar da jerin alamun asibiti kamar zazzabi mai zafi, sanyi, tachycardia shortness na numfashi, rash da kuma canza yanayin tunani, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, girgiza, DIC da multi - gazawar gabobi, tare da yawan mace-mace. samu HA) sepsis da septic shock lokuta, lissafin kashi 40% na lokuta da kusan 20% na ICU da aka samu. Kuma yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da rashin tsinkaye mara kyau, musamman ba tare da lokacin maganin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ba da kulawa da kamuwa da cuta.

Rarraba cututtuka na jini bisa ga matakin kamuwa da cuta

Bacteremia

Kasancewar kwayoyin cuta ko fungi a cikin jini.

Septicemia

Ciwon asibiti da ke haifarwa ta hanyar mamaye ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta da gubobinsu a cikin jini, babban kamuwa da cuta ne..

Pyohemia

Rashin aikin gabobin da ke barazanar rayuwa wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaituwar amsawar jiki ga kamuwa da cuta.

Mafi girman damuwa na asibiti sune cututtukan cututtuka guda biyu masu zuwa.

Cututtuka masu alaƙa da catheter na musamman

Cututtukan jini da ke da alaƙa da catheters da aka dasa a cikin tasoshin jini (misali, catheters na gefe, catheters na venous na tsakiya, catheters arterial, catheters dialysis, da sauransu).

endocarditis na musamman

Cutar cututtuka ce da ke haifar da ƙaura daga ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa endocardium da bawul na zuciya, kuma ana nuna shi ta hanyar samuwar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin bawuloli a matsayin nau'i na lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma ta hanyar kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta ta metastasis ko sepsis saboda rashin zubar da kwayoyin halitta.

Hadarin cututtuka na jini:

An bayyana kamuwa da cutar ta jini a matsayin majiyyaci mai kyakkyawar al'adar jini da alamun kamuwa da cuta. Cututtukan jini na iya zama na biyu zuwa wasu wuraren kamuwa da cuta kamar cututtukan huhu, cututtukan ciki, ko cututtukan farko. An ba da rahoton cewa kashi 40 cikin 100 na marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankara ko ƙwayar cuta suna haifar da cututtukan jini [4]. An kiyasta cewa mutane miliyan 47-50 na kamuwa da cutar sepsis na faruwa a duk duniya a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar sama da miliyan 11, tare da matsakaicin mutuwar kusan 1 a kowane sakan 2.8 [5].

Akwai dabarun bincike don cututtukan jini

01 PCT

Lokacin da kamuwa da cuta na tsarin da kumburi ya faru, ɓoyewar calcitoninogen PCT yana ƙaruwa da sauri a ƙarƙashin ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta da cytokines masu kumburi, kuma matakin ƙwayar cuta na PCT yana nuna mummunar yanayin cutar kuma yana da kyau mai nuna alama.

0.2 Sel da abubuwan mannewa

Kwayoyin adhesion kwayoyin halitta (CAM) suna da hannu a cikin jerin matakai na ilimin lissafin jiki, irin su amsawar rigakafi da amsawar kumburi, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani. Waɗannan sun haɗa da IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, VCAM-1, da sauransu.

03 Endotoxin, G gwajin

Kwayoyin gram-korau da ke shiga cikin jini don sakin endotoxin na iya haifar da endotoxemia; (1,3) -β-D-glucan yana daya daga cikin manyan sifofin bangon kwayoyin fungal kuma yana karuwa sosai a cikin cututtukan fungal.

04 Halittar Halitta

Ana gwada DNA ko RNA da aka fitar cikin jini ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, ko kuma bayan ingantaccen al'adar jini.

05 al'adun jini

Kwayoyin cuta ko fungi a cikin al'adun jini sune "ma'aunin zinariya".

Al'adar jini na ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi, mafi inganci kuma mafi yawan hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don gano cututtuka na jini kuma shine tushen cututtuka na tabbatar da cututtuka na jini a cikin jiki. Gano al'adar jini da wuri da wuri da kuma ingantaccen maganin ƙwayoyin cuta sune matakan farko da yakamata a ɗauka don sarrafa cututtukan jini.

Al'adar jini shine ma'auni na zinariya don gano kamuwa da cutar ta jini, wanda zai iya keɓe ƙwayar cuta daidai, haɗawa tare da gano sakamakon jiyya na miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma ya ba da tsarin kulawa daidai kuma daidai. Duk da haka, matsalar dogon lokacin bayar da rahoto ga al'adun jini yana da tasiri a kan lokaci na ganewar asibiti da magani, kuma an ba da rahoton cewa yawan mace-mace na marasa lafiya da ba a kula da su ba tare da lokaci da kuma maganin rigakafi yana ƙaruwa da 7.6% a kowace awa bayan 6 hours. na farko hypotension .

Sabili da haka, al'adun jini na yanzu da kuma ganewar magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi ga marasa lafiya da ake zargi da kamuwa da cututtuka na jini yawanci suna amfani da tsarin bayar da rahoto na matakai uku, wato: rahoto na farko (bayyanar ƙima mai mahimmanci, sakamakon smear), rahoton sakandare (bayanin gaggawa ko / da kuma hankali na miyagun ƙwayoyi kai tsaye). bayar da rahoto) da rahoton manyan makarantu (rahoto na ƙarshe, gami da sunan damuwa, ingantaccen lokacin ƙararrawa da daidaitattun sakamakon gwajin jiyya na ƙwayoyi) [7]. Ya kamata a ba da rahoto na farko ga asibitin a cikin 1 h na ingantaccen rahoton vial na jini; Rahoton jami'a yana da kyau a kammala shi da wuri-wuri (yawanci a cikin 48-72 h don kwayoyin cuta) dangane da yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje.